托福阅读词汇题总结（2015.01-2017.05 ）

2015.01.10

autonomy=independence

constituent=component

diffuse=spread

disperse=scatter

2015.01.11

comprise=consist

congregation=gather

consequently=as a result

enable=allow

exclusive=solely

pioneering=original

restricted=limited

severity=harshness

2015.01.25

abundant=plentiful

congestion over=crowded

monumental=enormous

retard=slow

subsistence=survival

2015.01.31

obscure=little known

encompass=include

profound=intense

comprise=consist of

reinforce=strength

obsolete=out of date

stationary=unmoved

irreversible=permanent

hence=therefore

enhance=promote

subsequent=later

2015.02.01

signify=indicate cease=stop disperse=scatter function=purpose ponder=think about fundamental=basic mandate=require promote=encourage allege=suppose controversial=debatable inconclusive=not decisive elaborate=well develop

2015.03.07

appreciated=understood

autonomous=independent

confined to=limited to

diffusion=spread

inevitable=unavoidable

component=part

consequently=therefore

oblige=require

modify=change

surpass=exceed

prohibit=prevent

remarkable=extraordinary

relentless=unceasing

significant=considerable

swift=fast

ultimately=finally

vast=huge

vicinity=surrounding area

2015.03.14

chaotic=disordered

coalesce=join

defining=important

designation=identification

lateral=side

retain=preserve

domestic=household

2015.03.28

attest to=provide evidence of

severely=very seriously

simultaneously=at the same time

readily=easily

reflect=indicate

exploit=make use of

accumulate=build up

curious=strange

ties=connection

2015.04.12

account for = explain  v. 解释

cite = mention  v. 引用

detect = observe  v. 观察

extensive = large  adj. 广泛的

feasible = practical  adj. 可行的

foster = encourage  v. 促进

frigid = cold  adj. 极冷的

in essence = basically  基本上、本质上

remnant = remainder  n. 残余部分

remote = isolated  adj. 偏僻的

scale = size  n. 规模、范围

2014.04.18

alternate=take turns of

simultaneously=at the same time

erect=build

regime=government

collect=group

in surge of=a sudden increase of

unintentionally = not purposely

2015.05.09

oblige=force

ensure=guarantee

henceforth= from past to now

excavation=dig out

substantial=considerable

incite=stimulate

alteration=modified in

launch=start

characteristic=distinctive

2015.05.16

hierarchical=classified

presumably=supposedly

justify=substantiated

pertinent=relevant

inevitable=certain

accordingly=correspondingly

cluster=group

subdue=defeat

promote=encourage

coincide with=cohere with

simultaneously=be at the same time

enormous=huge

2015.05.24

hence=therefore

particularly=especially

scarce=rare

principally=mainly

fuels=energy

2015.05.30

ultimately=eventually

suspended=floating

imminent=about to happen

rapport=bond

virtually=nearly

distinction=difference

dramatic=striking

specific=stated

replenish=restore

refinement=improvement

vitality=energy

rapport=bond

forced=concentrated

2015.06.13

Absolute adj. 的

Ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的

Clarify v. 澄清

Embody=incorporate

Enduring=lasting

Incredible=hard to believe

Surplus n. 盈余

Obsolete=outdated

Preceding adj. 先于…的

Prevailing=accepted by most people

Reveal v.透露，显示

Take precedence over 高于…

2015.06.14

Absolute adj. 的

Complete v. 完成

Contemporary=exist at the same time

Dismiss v. 解雇

Diffusion=spread

Dominate=control

Elevated=high

Exotic=foreign

Hasten=rush

Perfected v. 完善

Recognize v. 识别

Reject v. 反对

Remnant n. 剩余

Simultaneously=at the same time

2015.06.27

Presumably=probably

Surplus=excess

Elaborate=well-planned

Scatter=separate

Maintain=claim

Lucrative=profitable

Merely=only

Fulfill=achieve

2015.07.04

accessible = reachable   adj. 易于接近的、易得到的

adhesive = sticky   adj. 粘的、带黏性的

component = part   n. 组成部分

engage = participate   v. 从事

ensure = guarantee   v. 确保

exploitation = use   n. 利用

inevitable = necessary   adj. 必然发生的

intact = whole   adj. 完整无缺的

needless to say = obvious   adj. 明显的

stimulate = encourage   v. 鼓励、刺激

substantially = significantly   adv. 极大程度上地

2015.07.11

apparently = seemingly   adv. 貌似地

astonishment = surprise   n. 惊人的

enhance = improve   v. 提高、改善

eventually = in the end   adv. 最后

exert   v. 施加（压力）、耗费（精力）

particular = specific   adj. 特定的

peculiar to = unique   adj. 特有的、独特的

prompt = stimulate   v. 促使

put forth   提出、建议

recall = remember   v. 记起

strengthen   v. 强化

in retrospect = look back   v. 回想

virtually = nearly   adj. 几乎

2015.07.12

apparently=seemingly   adv. 貌似地

comparatively   adv. 比较地

consult   v. 咨询

expelled from   被逐出……,被开除……

explicit   adj. 明显的，显性的

extreme    adj. 极端的

imply=suggest    v. 暗指、意味着

permeable   adj. 可渗透的

prompt=promote   v. 促使

pursuit   v. 追求

reveal   v. 揭露、显示

unfavorable   adj. 不利的，不赞同的

upon reflection   再次考虑后

2015.08.22

altogether=fully

tangible=physical

sequence=series

exploitation=use

steadily=unvarying

reflect=indicate

subsequent=later

converted=changed

approximating=estimating

obscure=hide

2015.08.30

akin to= similar to

thereby=consequently

ingenuity=inventiveness

rudimentary=elementary

plentiful=numerous

occasionally=sometimes

tending=take care of

suitable=appropriate

characteristic=distinctive

2015.09.05

devoid of=lacking of

correspond=match

ongoing=continuing

peculiar=unusual

diffusion=spread

a wealth of= a valuable amount of

complexity=sophistication

allowing=resulting in

temporarily=briefly

2015.09.12

adjacent = nearby  adj. 附近的

at intervals   每隔一定的时间；不时

correspond to   v. 相一致、相对应

cumulative   adj. 累积的

discrete = separate   adj. 分离的

episode = occurrence   n. 事件

exceed   v. 超过

norm   n. 规范

proponent = supporter   n. 支持者

sparser = more thinly distributed   adj. 更稀疏的

swift = quick   adj. 快的、迅速的

2015.09.13

allow to = make possible   使能够

annihilate = destroy   v. 消灭、毁灭

augment = add to   v. 增加、增大

convey   v. 传达

cumulatively = altogether   adv. 累积地

derive = obtain   v. 获取

favorable   adj. 有利的

harsh = severe   adj. 严重的、严厉的

inevitable = unavoidable   adj. 不可避免的

intact = not broken into pieces   adj. 完好无缺的

potential = possible   adj. 潜在的、可能的

2015.09.17

allow to = make possible   使能够

confusing   adj. 迷惑性的

hence   adv. 因此

inviting = encouraging   v. 招致

irritating = annoying   v. 激怒

renew = restore   v. 恢复

skeptical = doubting   adj. 表示怀疑的

slightly   adv. 轻微地

spectacular = remarkable   adv. 壮观的

strengthen   v. 强化

persist = continue   v. 继续存在

presumably = most likely   adv. 很可能

2015.09.19

promote=encourage

sustain=support

manifestation=expression

proportion=size

breakthrough=development

only=exclusive

combat=counter

conflicting=contradictory

surge=increase suddenly

2015.10.10

accumulate=collect over time

as well as

constituent=component

deliberately=intentionally

diffuse=spread

gradual

highlight=emphasize

intermittent

predominant

relative to=compared to

standard=criterion

2015.10.11

accumulate = amass

dispersal = spread

drastically = extremely

expose = uncover

harsh = extreme

hence = therefore

indefinitely

oversee = supervise

restrict = limit

retain = keep

subsequent = later

2015.10.24

magnitude=size

stamina=endurance

ornamented=decorated

deliberate=intentional

peak=high point

authority=expert

aggregation=accumulation

presumably=supposedly

remarkable=extraordinary

2015.10.25

accumulate=amass

doubtless=certainly

extract=remove

ingenuity=cleverness

investigate=examine

margin=limit

monotonous=unchanging

pioneering=original

typical of=common in

2015.10.31

particular=specific

accelerate=speed up

launch=start

elusive=hard to identify

methodically=systematically

maintenance to=support

detect=sense

relatively=comparatively

persuasive=convincing

respectively=separately

reciprocal=mutual

2015.11.08

prerequisite=requirement

considerable=significant

derive=obtain

mean=average

account for =explain

discrepancy=inconsistence

striking=noteworthy

2015.11.14

exclusively=solely

conventional=standard

stagnation=without grow

mimic=reproduce

initial=original

vast=huge

implication=consequence

inhibited=constrained

2015.11.15

inevitable=certain

surplus=extra

accordingly=correspondingly

cluster=group

enormous=huge

conspicuous=obvious

endure=withstand

task=job

unfavorable=disadvantageous

trigger=initiate

reinforcing=strengthen

2015.11.21

acute = severe  adj. 严峻的

argument  n. 论据、讨论

commonplace = ordinary  adj. 普通的、日常的

compatible  adj. 与……相容的

conceivable = imaginable  adj. 可想像的

consistent  adj. 与……一致、协调的

dismiss = reject  v. 拒绝考虑

eminent = distinguished  adj. 杰出的

endure = survive  v. 承受

excrete = release  v. 分泌

exploit = take advantage of  v. 利用

hazardous = dangerous  adj. 有危害的

notion = idea  n. 观念

optimal  adj. 的

2015.11.29

conducive to = favorable to  adj. 有利于……的

exceptional = extraordinary  adj. 杰出的

expand  v. 扩张

evenly = equally  adv. 均等地

hitherto = up till then  adv. 直到那时

incentive = motivation  n. 动机

investigate = study  v. 调查研究

furthermore = in addition  adv. 此外

generate = produce  v. 产生

quest = search  v. 寻找

trait = feature  n. 特点

unique = one of a kind  adj. 的

2015.12.05

supplement=add to

exclusively=solely

anxious=worry

enduring=lasting

erase=eliminate

culminate=end

exploit=use

initiate=start

emergence=appearance

autonomous=independent

2015.12.12

master=skillfully

hierarchy=ranking

rudimentary=simple

to a degree=to some extent

initiate=introduce

exceptional=extraordinary

install=put in place

valid=well founded

lost favor=does not prefer

2015.12.13

obviously=clearly

widespread=common

dense=thick

thus=consequently

shallow=small depth

profound=very strong

emergence=rise

tactic=strategy

adjacent to=next to

parallel=match

hence=consequently

2015.12.19

associated with=connected to

conduct=carry out

confined=limited

distinctive=characteristic

duration=length

found…wanting=found…inadequate

harsh=severe

inevitable=necessary

remote=distant

vulnerable=easily damaged

2015.12.20

duration = length

elaborate = complex

enable = allow

extract = remove

lucrative = profitable

margin = limit

pioneer = original

stimulate = encourage

surplus = excess

in some degree = to certain extent

2016.01.09

durable=long last

simultaneously=at the same time

recognized=accepted

case in point=good example

the cause of change=the reason of change develop

courteous=polite

barring=excluding

elevated=high

dismiss=reject

hasten=hurry

2016.01.23

ignored=paid no attention

potential=possible

embraced=adopted

prosperity=wealth

substantial=significant

2016.01.24

adequate=suitable

spurt=a sudden increase

assess=evaluate

suffice=be enough

founding=establishment

massively=extensively

unprecedented=unlike anything in the past

era=period

fragment=pieces

2016.02.27

advent=arrival

episode=occurrence

fragile=easily damaged

durable=long lasting

facilitated=made easier

proponent=supporter

scattered=distributed

scrutiny=close observation

swift=quick

2016.02.28

intended =desired

ideally =perfectly

the aftermath of the situation =caused by

vigorous =strong

consumption= cost of customers and services

surely= certainly

coupled with =added to

seldom= rarely

in principle =theoretically

prosperous= wealthy

constraint= limit

2016.03.11

gradually=slowly

deciphering=figuring out

vicinity=surrounding area

appeal=attraction

adapt=adjust

peak=maximum

lethal=deadly

component=piece

invariable=always

disrupt=destroy

2016.03.13

dramatical=striking

perplexing=puzzling

tending=taking care of

conducive=favorable to

quest＝search

prevail＝dominant

generally ＝usually

thereby ＝consequently

exceptional＝extraordinary

suitable=appropriate

2016.03.19

ardent=enthusiastic

compelling=persuasive

scanty=few

distinctive=characteristics

confine=restrict to

resemble= look like

lone=single

2016.03.26

restricted=limited

culminate=end

irritating=annoying

exploit=use fully

enabling=allowing

pioneering=original

initiate=start

renewed=restored

2016.04.09

impressive＝striking

disrupt＝disturb

ruled out＝excluded

discard=abandon

rudimentary=simple

elaborate=complex

startle＝surprise

baffled＝puzzled

periodical=regular

virtually=almost

completely ideal＝perfect

periodically=short interval time

2016.04.23

attest to=provide evidence of

configuration=arrangement

dispersal=distribution

fragments=pieces

precise=accurate

imitator=someone who copied his work

painstaking=taking great effort to

distinctive=recognizable

associated with=related to

substantial=considerable

in contrast to=as opposed to

2016.08.20

likewise=similarly

surge=sudden increase

compile=put together

coexist=live together

predominate=mainly

lucrative=profitable

might=strength

prevail=accepted

exquisitely=perfectly

adopting=start to use

2016.08.21

hasty=hurried

indispensable=essential

stimulate=encourage

unprecedented=unpredicted

advent=arrival

seldom=rarely

pervasive=widespread

pointless=of no use

conventional=traditional

2016.08.27

surplus=extra

exclusively=only

distinct=clear

immense=huge

quantify=calculate

capacity=full potential

disrupted=disordered

regardless of=no matter

adaptable=used with iron

surge=sudden increase

accelerated=speed up

cycle=repeat

2016.09.03

unfavorable=negative

comparable=similar

cluster=group

aggregation=collection

remote=distant

indiscriminate=random

pursue=engage in

More permeable=had more places where crossing could occur

transparent=allowing you to see through it

segment=part

adverse=harmful

resistance=opposition

 

2016.09.10

in turn=subsequent

conform to=match

shrinkage=reduction

impressive=remarkable

momentum=push

emanating from=originating from

insure=guarantee

abrupt=sudden

constrains=limitations

ultimately=finally

unfavorable=disadvantageous

severely=greatly

superficially=on first impression

prolonged=extended

aptitude=ability

more robust=stronger

reinforced=strengthened

viable=capable of succeeding

accessible to=available to

depleted=used up

hence=therefore

trigger=initiated

reinforcing=strengthening

 

2016.09.11

rudimentary=elementary

occasionally=sometimes

fluctuations=variations

merely=only

fulfills=achieves

exclusively=solely

erase=eliminate

akin to=similar to

ingenuity=inventiveness

maintained=claimed

dramatic=powerful

supplement=add to

autonomous=independent

 

2016.09.24

cultivated=encouraged the growth of

duties=responsibilities

resembled=were similar to

wrought=created

temporarily=briefly

permeated=spread throughout

chronological=time

relatively=comparatively

distortions=irregularities

peculiar=unusual

 

2016.09.25

hastened=speed up

eventually=in the later time

retain=keep

alter=change

assimilate=absorb

dense=thick

integrated=combined

sentimental=emotional

ease to=slow shift into

inevitable=certain

acknowledged=recognized

 

2016.10.15

adequate=lasting

assess=evaluate

afforded=provided

resolve=settle

precise=accurate

 

compelling=persuasive

marvelous=wonderful

detect=distinguish

painstakingly=with great effort

his imitators=the people who copied him

2016.10.16

disperse=scatter

scarcity=insufficiency

lucrative=profitable

advent=arrival

postulate=propose

exceedingly=extremely

 

addressed=dealt with

prolonged=extended

revered=greatly admired

impulse to=push forward

portable=movable

component=what they consist of

2016.10.22

Deterioration=worsen condition

Simultaneously=at the same time

Vocation=occupation

Conversely=in contrast

Constrained=forced

 

End=purpose

Trigger=start

Justification=good reason

Uniformally=consistently

Innumerable=countless

 

 

2016.10.28

coalesced=joined

dismissed=rejected

extreme=great

upon reflection=after consideration

retain=preserve

elevated=high

 

simultaneously=at the same time

emit=release

consult=ask

constant=continued

recognize=accept

2016.10.29

collapsed=fall inward

diminish=decrease

gross=overall

 

adverse=unfavorable

accelerate=faster

unprecedented=never before

 

2016.11.05

appeal to=attract

enduring=lasing

highlight=emphasize

correspond to=match

allowing=making possible

founding=establishment

anxiety=worry

emergence=appearance

ongoing=continuing

complexity=sophistication

pragmatic=practical

fragment=piece

2016.11.12

shatter=broke

scrutiny=examination

concept=idea

recur=repeat frequently

scatter=spread

speculate=conjecture

eventually=in the end

eventually=finally

solely=only

disperse=distribution

sparse=scarce

skepticism=doubt

notable=well-known

mechanism of dis-composition=how dis-composition take place

2016.11.13

mounted=grew

potential=possible

fluctuating=varying

expended=used

collated=assemble

incredible=amazing

2016.11.19

cease=stop

function=purpose

signifying=indicate

flourished=do so well

sparse=thinly distributed

reflected=shown

dispersive=scatter

autonomy=self-rule

pervasive=widespread

bare=not covered by leaves

2016.11.26

duration=length

in some degree=to a certain extent

ensure=guarantee

adhesive=sticky

discarded=abandoned

in some extent=to a certain degree of

episode=event

broaden=expand

account for=explain

baffled=puzzled

impressive=striking

enable=allow

confirming=proving

of no need to say=obvious

restore=return

supplant=replace

augment=add to

subject to=expose to 2016.12.03

compounded=added to

consensus=widespread agreement

indefinitely=endlessly

extended=lengthened

robust=healthy

obstruction=barrier

accessible=available

exclusive=sole

compensate for=make up for

consistent=unvarying

optimal=ideal

predominantly=mainly

2016.12.10

intensive=strong

extensive = considerable

modify =change

excessive= too much

drastically =significantly

simultaneously = at the same time

abrupt= sudden

core=center

stance= posture

hollow=empty

critical= essential

successive=following

resume=to start again

temporary = for short-term

recover=to return to normal

complex=complicated

trigger=start

magnitude =extent

derived= obtained

presumed=supposed

intimately =closely

attribute to= associate with

allowed for= made possible

2016.12.11

sculpt = carve

drastic = significant

accompanied by = occurred together

net=final

profound = significant

vigorous=genetic

deposit = putting

reluctant= unwilling

accustomed to = used to

implement= carry out

adverse=unfavorable

2016.12.17

explicable = mysterious

intentional= plan

repetitive = happen many times

retention = keeping

still= motionless

engaged in = practiced

profusely =abundant

elaborate =developed

contributes = provides

2017.01.07 properties = characteristics

allegedly = supposedly

occasionally = sometimes

segregated = separated

ensured = guaranteed rival = competing

substantially = significantly

apparent = obvious

drastically = extremely

leftover = remains

match = agree with

2017.01.14

faithfully = accurately

perceived = seen

garment= … of clothing

install = put in place

obtained = gathered

a wealth of data = a lot of information

admiration for = high opinion of

fragile = delicate

thus = in this way

promoting = developing

are preserved = are buried

encompass = include

2017.02.18

distinctive = unique

allied = related

disperse = widespread

herbivores = animals who eats grass

observation = finding

isolated = separated

compilation = collection

annul = yearly

subsequent = followed 2017.02.25

verifying = confirming

converge on = meet at

features = aspects

mere = only

admirably = very well

continuously = constantly

ascend = go up

vanishes = disappears

unrivaled = unequaled

verging = bordering 2017.02.26

maintaining = keeping

attest = confirm

unintentionally = accidentally

inherent = built-in

interpret = understand assertion = claim

identifiable = recognizable

ingestion = swallowing

comprehensive = complete

fluid = liquid

copious = abundant 2017.03.04 unpromising = unfavorable extend=expand exhibit = show embody = incorporate consistent = doesn’t change significantly oblige = force diffusion = spread inhospitable= unlikely surplus = the amount that exceed 2017.03.11 culmination = high point anonymous = unidentified distinctive = characteristic decisive = determining exercised = applied tactic = strategy controversy = disagreement exhibit = display respective = in the order presented appreciation = understanding emergence = rise thus = consequently 2017.03.25 reply = depend twenty or so = roughly twenty beneficial = helpful

 

2017.04.01
unprecedented = never seen before	permanent = constant
excessive= too many	inadvertently = accidentally
explicit= clear stated	integration = unit
suspicion = distrust	experimenting with = trying to
drastic= extreme	acquired = obtained
vacated = emptied	counterpart= equivalent
compelling = convincing	essential = principal

 

2017.04.15
compacted = compressed together	associated = related
sensitive to = responsible for	constructed = created
manipulate = handle	vacated = recall
speculate = understand	exclusively = only
robust = healthy	optimal = ideal
profoundly = deeply	on balance = overall
foundation = basis	sustain = keep

 

2017.04.23
scrutiny = close observation	scatter = distribute
undoubted = uncertain	furnished = equipped
witness = experience	exploit = use
consist of = make up	supplement = add to

 

2017.05.06
plentiful = abundant	emergence = development
routinely = often	distinctive = characteristic
modify = change	recover = to return to normal
complex = complicated	preeminent = main
commonplace = usual	endure = survive

 

2017.05.13
uniform = constant	considerably = greatly
significance = importance	roughly = approximately
ingenious = comprehensive	feat = achievement
bizarre = strange	unpredictable = viable
formulate = investigate	invariable = always
retained = kept	alter = change
integrated = combined	hasten = sped up

 

2017.05.20
relentless = without pause	encountered = came into contact with
mobilize = put into action	remarkable = impressive
properties = characteristics	substantially = significantly
allegedly = supposedly	apparent = obvious
ruled out = excluded	ideal = perfect
periodically = at regular intervals of time	elaborate = complex

 

2017.05.27
lucrative = profitable	distinctions = differences
elaborate = complicated	persuasively = convincingly
allied = related	compilations = collections
dispersed = spread	resultant = consequent
parallels = matches	profound= very strong
shallow= having little depth	recognized = accepted
simultaneously = at the same time	dismissed = rejected
elevated = high