托福阅读考点案例讲解

　　在托福阅读的十大问题中，讨论费时费力的烦人水平，否认事实和信息问题相信会排在前列。这类问题似乎并不难，但我们需要逐一排除选项来回答，这真的很无味。因此，考生首先需要明确考点的要求，以便更有效地回答问题，以下沈阳托福培训的老师将结合案例向您解释托福阅读否认事实信息问题的三个考点。

　　托福阅读

　　托福阅读否认事实信息问题考点：对文章或段落主题抓取能力的调查

　　做题时要仔细看每一个选项，尤其是当选项中没有的单词和句子出现时，你可以选择一个选项可能与本段甚至整篇文章的主题相反。

　　请参见以下例题：

　　Decades before this disaster,environmentalist had predicted just such an enormous oil spill in this areabecause of the treacherous nature of the waters due to the submerged reefs,icebergs, and violent storms there. They had urged that oil be transported tothe continental United States by land-based pipeline rather than by oil tankeror by undersea pipeline to reduce the potential damage to the environment posedby the threat of an oil spill.

　　Which point is NOT made by theenvironmentalist mentioned in paragraph 2?

　　A. That a huge oil spill in thewaters off Alaska was possible.

　　B. That the waters off the coastof Alaska were dangerous for ships.

　　C. That oil tanker should not beused to transport oil from Alaska.

　　D. That an undersea pipeline waspreferable to a land-based pipeline.

　　题干中提到的environmentalist是本段所有的主语，因此不能成为重要的信息词。并发现A. C.段落中没有提到Alaska。因此，你可以选择一个与主题相反的答案。这类问题也可以更加关注段落中是否有表达转折点的词，比如but， instead of, however, rather than. 所以，稍加阅读后，发现...land-based pipeline rather than by oil tanker or by underseapipeline..这句话中出现了rather之中 than, 锁定D列表中的相同单词与原始观点正好相反，因此选择D列表中的相同单词，因此.

　　托福阅读否认事实信息问题考点:对最基本细节信息理解的调查

　　这里可以用一个更简单的说法：从单词中选择。所谓从单词中选择，就是在文章中找到几个名词，它们排列存在，共同构成某一事件的所有细节。此时，提问者将提取其中三个，并在文章的其他地方创建一个与事件无关的术语（短语）。

　　请参见以下例子：

　　In1943, the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem ofhousing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, butin some locations, including NY, controls continued. Under NY’s controls, alandlord generally cannot raise rents on APartments as long as the tenantscontinue to renew their leases. In places as Santa Monica, California, rentcontrols are more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970’s, whichcombined with California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, aswell as rents, to record levels.

　　Which of the following was NOT a reason forthe introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California?

　　A. Rapid population growth

　　B. Inflation

　　C. Economic conditions duringwartime

　　D. Record-high housing prices

　　在这个排除题中，因为四个选项提供的信息都是名词短语，我们可以断定段落中一定有三个短语，而地名Santa出现在题干中 Monica, California. 因此，这个名字可以作为关键词，锁定答案所在的句子，然后逐一排除。而...as Santa Monica, California, rent controlsare more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970’s, which combinedwith California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, ……. 在这句话中，各自提到了A， B, D有三个答案，所以答案是C.

　　托福阅读否认事实信息问题考点:对事件发展程序理解的调查

　　这种排除问题也可以称为从句中选择。也就是说，考题提供的答案都是比较完整的句子，所以有三个句子必须表达整个事件发展的几个关键步骤，只有一个句子与这个步骤相反。这种排除问题通常需要时间。考生需要准确判断事件的发展步骤，甚至阅读整个段落，才能找到正确的答案。在这里，我为您提供一种在一定程度上节省时间的方法——点对点搜索。

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