托福阅读的长难句考点是很多学生会努力克服的难点。要理解长难句,也需要英语基础作为基础。今天新航道沈阳托福培训的小编给大家简单介绍一下!
托福阅读长难句基础:扩大词汇量
不可否认,掌握句子的成分对分析长难句非常重要,但要充分理解句子的含义,除了掌握句子的成分外,还要有丰富的词汇量。由于托福阅读文章是学术性的,一些学术词汇不可避免地会出现。然而,托福文章涉及的文章非常广泛,在考试中耗尽所有的学术词汇是不现实的。我们只需要梳理实践中遇到的学术词汇,只以“理解单词”为目标,而不是写作和说话,以积累一定的学术词汇,以确保考试中遇到学术词汇时有一个基本的概念。
托福阅读长难句基础:巩固语法知识
长难句之所以看不懂,是因为句子成分分析不清楚。句子成分分析不清楚的根本原因是语法知识掌握不够牢固。要清楚分析句子成分,首先要掌握英语中的五种基本句型。这五种基本句型是:
1. 主谓(例:I swim.)
2. 主谓宾(例:I ate an apple.)
3. 主谓宾宾补(例:She found the computer useful.)
4. 主谓双宾(例:He gave me a book.)
5. 主系表(He is a doctor.)
掌握以上基本句型可以帮助你快速找到句子的主干,找到句子的主干是分析句子结构的关键。长难句之所以难,是因为句子中含有大量的装饰成分,通常会影响考生对句子结构的分析。因此,考生有必要了解哪些常见的装饰成分。
托福阅读长难句常见复杂装饰成分介绍
1. 从句(定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等))
例:This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valley. 这是一个由which引导的定语从句,先行词是前面的trees。
2. 介词短语
例:David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change (in the animal life)(around the fort)(during the period)(between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.)
在这句话中,括号都是介词短语,做装饰成分。in the animal 定语装饰前的名词changelife;around the fort做地点状语装饰谓语动词found,表示发现的地点;during the period和between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832做时间状语装饰谓语动词found,显示发现的地点。
3. 分词(现在分词,过去分词)
This“atmospheric engine”, invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed(outside the coal mines)(for which it had been designed.)
这句话中的过去分词invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner做后置定语装饰前的名词engine。
4. 不定式
The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.
不定式做目的状语,说明给他们方法的目的是什么。
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