雅思阅读中观点类选择题的解答办法

今年5月，剑15面世，许多考生迫不及待地小试牛刀，结果却不尽如人意。通过与考生的交流发现，失分点主要在观点类选择题，这一结果与我们平时上课的情况也基本相符，在日常的复习备考过程中，常有学生在课堂上提出观点类选择题的问题，在此，我们从其题干构成，形式，与应对策略三个方面来探究观点类选择题，以期为考生后期复习提供思路和指导。

一、观点类选择题的题干构成

观点类选择题相比细节类选择题，在题干构成元素上有其自身的特点。题干主语部分，由于观点是作者主观的看法，由作者发出，所以，题干主语一般是writer/author这类字眼；谓语部分，由于观点非细节，非表象，所以，一般与观点类表述风格相配的动词为illustrate/demonstrate/suggest/think等词汇，其后紧跟某种具体的观点、看法、原则或规律；此外，观点一定是基于某种现象的观点或看法，因此，题干中还会包含各种形式的“现象”，如文中举例，某人说的话，一般以这两种形式为主。

二、观点类选择题的题干形式

观点类选择题的题干是由其基本元素构成的：writer/author，illustrate/demonstrate/suggest/think, 文中举例/某人说的话。这三大部分通过变形与组合，构成了其常见形式：

1. What does the writer suggest about an example?

2. The writer use an example to illustrate the point that......

3. The example in paragraph X suggest that......

4. The writer thinks that the declarations“...... ......” is......

三、观点类选择题的应对策略

观点类选择题的做题方法和细节类有所不同，主要包含如下几步：1. 读题干，判断其是否为观点类选择题；2. 划关键词，回文定位；3. 原文划句末线，排除细节句，初步确定答案句，其中细节句一般具有表达具体，句子较长的特点；4. 将答案句与选项作比对，确认是否发生同义改写，若是，即为正确选项。

真题示例1：剑11-51页-30题

What do the experiments described in the fifth paragraph suggest about the paintings of Mondrian?

A. They are more carefully put together than they appear.

B. They can be interpreted in a number of different ways.

C. They challenge our assumptions about shape and colour.

D. They are easier to appreciate than many other abstract works.

步：题干表达方式为观点类选择题的常见形式之一，所以这是一个观点类选择题。

第二步：题干关键词为the paintings of Mondrian，the fifth paragraph，回文定位。

第三步：原文划句末线，排除细节句

And what about artists such as Mondrian, whose paintings consist exclusively of horizontal and vertical lines encasing blocks of colour? 作品内容// Mondrian' s works are deceptively simple, but eye-tracking studies confirm that they are meticulously composed, and that simply rotating a piece radically changes the way we view it.可能为答案句 // With the originals, volunteers' eyes tended to stay longer on certain places in the image, but with the altered versions they would flit across a piece more rapidly. 实验过程// As a result, the volunteers considered the altered versions less pleasurable when they later rated the work. 实验结果

第四步：与选项比对，发现A选项中的put together与原文第二句中的composed为同义改写，所以正确答案为A选项。

真题示例2：剑15-26页-27题

The writer refers to visitors to New York to illustrate the point that___

A. exploration is an intrinsic element of being human.

B. most people are enthusiastic about exploring.

C. exploration can lead to surprising results.

D. most people find exploration daunting.

步：题干表达方式为观点类选择题的常见形式之一，所以这是一个观点类选择题。

第二步：题干关键词为visitors to New York，回文定位。

第三步：原文划句末线，排除细节句。

We are all explorers.可能为答案句// Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human - indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. 可能为答案句// Long before the first caveman slumped down beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest over yonder, our ancestors had learnt the value of sending out scouts to investigate the unknown. 包含具体举例// This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor negotiate the subways of New York.包含具体举例

第四步：与选项比对，发现A选项中的intrinsic element of being human与原文第二句中的Our desire to discover is part of what makes us human为同义改写，所以正确答案为A选项。