今天新航道的沈阳托福培训小编就和大家分享一下托福阅读中的长难句分析中语句简化题型如何解答，下面我们就来分析一下两个例子。

　　Eg1:

　　Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.

　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A. Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.

　　B. The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.

　　C. Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.

　　D. The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

　　Step 1 ：首先，阅读原话：整句话的结构是Contrary to the arguments of some, it seems reasonable something(与某些理论相反，另一个理论似乎是合理的)，如果句子内部否认转折点的逻辑关系，则可以判断it seems reasonable something更为重要。然后分析每个从句，首先是that后的同位语从句much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift(玻利尼西亚人曾经迷失在海上漂流，然后意外地被困在岛上，于是在许多太平洋岛屿上定居下来)，这个从句是为了显示前面arguments的具体内容；接下来，我们来看看第二个that后的主语从句this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions(这样的壮举是通过深思熟虑的殖民冒险来实现的)，这个从句表示了前面形式主语it的具体内容；最后，看看第三个that后的定语从句 that（expeditions） set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals（探险队全面准备了食物、作物和牲畜）。

　　所以现在我们整个句子的意思很清楚（有些人认为玻利尼西亚人在海上迷失了方向，一直在漂流，然后他们意外地被困在岛上，所以他们在许多太平洋岛屿定居，相反的理论认为，这样的壮举是通过仔细考虑，通过全面准备食物、作物和牲畜殖民冒险，这似乎很合理）

　　Step 2:让我们看看每个选项

　　A选项认为，这些殖民定居者是一群迷失方向、运输作物和牲畜的人，意思错误，排除；

　　B选项具有一定的欺骗性。这个选项首先说，一群迷失方向的人殖民了这些地区，然后精心准备的人加入了他们。逻辑关系错误，排除；

　　乍一看，C选项看起来很对，但原文并没有说仔细考虑的远征理论被大量证据反驳，排除了

　　D选项：主要数据的含义表达准确，逻辑关系表达准确。

　　这个问题主要考察的是学生对句子中的essential information的分析技巧，如果学生忘记或不确定知识点，欢迎提问！

　　Eg2:

　　In1972paleontologistStephenJayGouldandNileseldredgechallengedconventiontionwisdomwithanoppongviewpoint，thepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesis,whichposits thatspeciesgiverisetonewspeciesinrelativelysuddenbursts,withoutalengthytransitionperiod.

　　Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessential informationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessential information.

　　A.Thepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesischallengedgradualism,whichholds thatspeciesevolveinrelativelysuddenburstsofbriefduration.

　　B.ThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisdevelopedbyStephenJ

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