托福阅读and表达的一种奇妙的逻辑关系，and可能是最常见的逻辑连接词之一，但它是最困难的逻辑词，因为它表达了什么逻辑关系，你不能从表面上看，你必须理解句子的意思来分析句子中and表达的真正逻辑关系。我认为每个人都熟悉and可以表达因果逻辑。下面由新航道的沈阳托福培训小编为您解答！

　　我们通常看到的and表因果逻辑是and前因and后因果，这是一种顺从关系，这是很自然的。

　　例如：直接：TPO 16-2 Development of the Periodic Table

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　　When the German chemist Lothar Meyer and (independently) the Russian Dmitry Mendeleyev first introduced the periodic table in 1869-70, one-third of the naturally occurring chemical elements had not yet been discovered. Yet both chemists were sufficiently farsighted to leave gaps where their analyses of periodic physical and chemical properties indicated that new elements should be located. Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer and even assumed that if a measured atomic mass put an element in the wrong place in the table, the atomic mass was wrong. In some cases this was true. Indium, for example, had previously been assigned an atomic mass between those of arsenic and selenium. Because there is no space in the periodic table between these two elements, Mendeleyev suggested that the atomic mass of indium be changed to a completely different value, where it would fill an empty space between cadmium and tin. In fact, subsequent work has shown that in a periodic table, elements should not be ordered strictly by atomic mass. For example, tellurium comes before iodine in the periodic table, even though its atomic mass is slightly greater. Such anomalies are due to the relative abundance of the "isotopes" or varieties of each element. All the isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons, but differ in their number of neutrons, and hence in their atomic mass. The isotopes of a given element have the same chemical properties but slightly different physical properties. We now know that atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus), not atomic mass number (the number of protons and neutrons), determines chemical behavior.

　　4. What reason does the author provide for the claim that Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer?

　　○Mendeleyev corrected incorrect information Meyer had proposed.

　　○Mendeleyev assumed that some information believed to be true about the elements was incorrect.

　　○Mendeleyev argued that Meyer had not left enough gaps in the periodic table.

　　○Mendeleyev realized that elements were not ordered by atomic mass in the periodic table.门捷列夫比梅耶更大胆的原因是什么？正确答案是B，回到原文对应的应该是这句话:Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer and even assumed that if a measured atomic mass put an element in the wrong place in the table, the atomic mass was wrong. 显然，这句话是and连接了两个并排分句，and前面是题目的结果，而and后面是正确答案B这些原因。所以在这句话中，and前为果，and后为因。再来一例：TPO 40-1 Ancient Athens

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　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structu

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