托福阅读词汇问题主要是考察考生的词汇量,但仅仅依靠词汇知识是不够的。我们还应该学会使用一些技能。下面由新航道的沈阳托福小编为您解答!
除了集中精力背诵单词外,考生还应学会根据单词的前后情境运用逻辑关系来推断单词的含义。在考试过程中,学生可以使用的逻辑关系是平行的、例子的和转折的。下面将依次解释这个例子。
1. 并列关系解答词汇问题案例案例
如果两句成分之间存在并列关系,则其情感色彩应相似,描述的内容特征也应相似。表示并列关系的常见信号词有:and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。
例题分析:
Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)
4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. collect
B. pierce
C. melt
D. endure
解析
这句话比较长,破折号中的从句是前面的glacial ice的修饰可以暂时忽略不看,所以从句子中的and可以看出,and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系,continue into表达了“进入”的含义,因此可以筛选选项。collect是“收集”,melt是指“溶解、融化”,endure是指“连续性;容忍”,所以可以推断答案是b选项。b选项中的pierce是“渗透、渗透”,与penetrate(渗透、渗透)同义。
2. 例子关系解答词汇问题案例案例案例
例子是论证和解释前面的观点,所以例子与其论证目标的特征是一致的。表示与例子相关的信号词包括for example/instance, such as, like, including等。
例题分析
Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. mistrust
B. misinterpret
C. criticize
D. resent
解析
在后句中看到信号词foror example, 举个例子来论证前面的观点。后句的意思是“他们认为别人想伤害自己,但事实并非如此”。可见他们误解了别人的想法,所以前句的观点应该是“攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”。因此,可以推断distort是“误解、曲解”的类似含义,然后选择正确的答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。
3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇问题案例案例
当一个句子中出现转折或对比关系时,转折词前后的内容是相反的。表示转折关系的信号词包括although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。
例题分析
Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.
10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. rapid
B. determined
C. flexible
D. demanding
虽然这句话中没有明确的表对比信号词,但考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后几句形成对比关系,其中larger和smaller是反义词,可以推断lesss fastidious和chosier同样是反义词,所以fastidious和chosier应该是同义词,chosier是“挑剔”的意思,所以选择正确的答案D. demanding(要求),fastidious本身就是指“挑剔、吹毛求疵”的含义。
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