在托福阅读文章和听力材料中积累词汇；本文为您提供了一个从阅读文章中积累句型和单词的案例，供您参考。

　　托福阅读

　　以下一段文章为例：

　　It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

　　这是一个完整的段落。我们从文章中积累词汇，首先可以以句子为基准，整篇文章有7个句子。

　　首先，我们应该从句型开始。句型是英语学习中一个非常重要的积累方面。有时我们看不到一个句子的根本原因不是单词，而是我们不熟悉这样的句型。当我们积累词汇时，我们可以先看看段落中的句型。这一步相对容易，也可以帮助我们先理解句子的意思和段落的大意。例如：

　　句：It should be obvious that…;

　　第三句：A,B and C cannot disguise their affinities with… (三句并排作为主语);

　　第六句：How was the gap between A and B bridged?

　　第七句：Missing until recently were fossils… (倒装词序:(倒装词序: Fossils were missing until recently…)

　　其次，我们从认知单词和习得单词的角度来区分我们想要掌握的单词。所以这七个句子中只需要知道的“认知词”是：句子：cetaceans，porpoises，dolphins;第二句：gills;第三句：hind legs;第四句：sea otters，pinnipeds，seals, sea lions, walruses;

　　而且获得的单词数量比较多，这里因人而异，只要不知道，就很重要。我列出了每个句子中更重要的单词：句子：obvious，whales，mammals;第二句：breathe，lungs，give birth;第三句：absence，presence，disguise，affinities，dwelling;第四句：limbs，functional，envision;第五句: extinct，marine, fossil record;第六句: gap, bridged;第七句: intermediate, transitional;

　　上面段落的例句有21个习得词。这些单词将是我们理解这个单词的关键，也是我们在其他文章中反复遇到的高频单词和常用单词。如果我们能习惯性地把这些单词和这个单词的内容一起学习、理解和记忆，我们就能把单词的掌握放在情境中。这样可以防止单词背诵的尴尬，看起来熟悉就记不住意思，也不会反复浪费英语学习的时间背诵单词。