托福阅读中的词汇问题通常被称为不需要方法的问题。你可以通过知道词汇来做,但如果你不知道,就很难处理。事实上,词汇问题的答案并不是这样的。通过联系上下文,您也可以在不知道词汇的情况下回答。
托福阅读词汇题如何联系上下文猜词?
这种方法主要根据句子或句子之间的逻辑关系来猜测单词的含义。常用的有逻辑关系、转折关系、平行关系、否认关系等。
联系上下文猜词技巧案例讲解
例1:Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized,disrupted the regular factory routine.Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. prolonged
B. established
C. followed
D. upset
在原话中,hurt和disrupt是并列词,具有相似的含义,因此快速确定D选项。这种平行关系是由逗号隔开的,如果你在某些句子中看到,例如also/as well as, both…and…, either...or..., neither…nor…, in (the) the same way, equally, similarly/similar to, like/just like, likewise(相同), while(同时), meanwhile(同时), not only...but also... , more...像than这样的词也要明确平行关系。
例2:Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.
The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. Exact
B. Scarce
C. Valuable
D. Initial
分析:
Although指示转折关系,所以前半句和后半句是相反的意思,前半句是limited。因此,我们可以猜测词汇是limit的负面词。我们可以知道exact表示准确的含义。scarce指的是稀有的,类似于limited。从initial开始,词义无关。所以选择C。