雅思阅读要求考生在60分钟的时间内完成三篇阅读中的40道题目，文章选材涉及到经济，自然，科技和文化等，着重考察学生的语言运用能力，其中对同义替换的能力考察尤为明显，那么同义替换的方式都有哪些呢？

一：语义替换

1.同义词替换

题目：Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because radio waves are not used in their navigation system.(C7T1Q11)

原文：It is technically incorrect to talk about bat ‘radar’,since they do not use radio waves.

其中：inaccurate-incorrect；referring to-talk about；because-since都属于同义词的替换。

2.正反义  

题目：The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with ways of learning which are not traditional.（C7T1Q27）

原文：Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which

looks at radical new approaches to learning.

其中not traditional-new是否定+反义替换。

题目：The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.（C5T1Q29）

原文：Fewer people are starving.

其中increased-fewer是反义词替换。

3.上下义    

题目：Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.（C9T1Q6）

原文：He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product.

在这个题目当中，drug是抽象名词，在原文中换成了quinine（奎宁）药物的具体表达。

4.下定义

题目：Coastal erosion occurred along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast before the building of the Aswan dams.(C5T3Q18)

原文：In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile.

本题中，原文里的land scoured away from the coastline是题目中costal erosion的定义解释。

二：语法替换

1.词性转换  

题目：The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.(C8T1Q20)

原文：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)…

本题中，created为动词，而原文中establishment为名词，此为词性转换。

2. 语言单位转换：词-短语-句子

题目：Graeme Ritchie’s work links jokes to artificial intelligence.（C5T2Q18）

原文：Graeme Ritchie，a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of jokes in order to understand not only humor but language understanding and reasoning in machines.

本题中，题目里的artificial intelligence在原文里是language understanding and reasoning in machines这样的短语表达。

3. 换定语

题目：The sense of smell may involve response to chemicals which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.（C8T2Q39）原文：Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two-one responding to odors proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.

本题题目中的chemicals which do not smell是名词+定语从句的结构，而原文中odourless chemicals 是形容词+名词的结构，此为定语转换的一种方式。4. 换句式：主被动  

题目：As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a pension by the king.（C5T1Q7）

原文：The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a 

pension.

题目中was granted为被动语态，原文里offer为主动语态，此为主被动语态的转换。

以上为雅思阅读中较为常见的同义替换的类型总结，当然，我们在做阅读题的时候还是要具体情况具体分析啦。