【例题】：Do you use perfume?

新季度的雅思口语题卡中出现了perfume这个话题，许多同学在平时练习的过程中经常抱怨自己平时很少接触香水，那么要怎样去解答这道题呢？这里我们使用“先上下义，再联想”的方法去操作。简单来说，上义词就是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式或更为具体的说明。例如，tiger是dog, horse, cow的上义词；dog是tiger的下义词。

首先思考perfume的上义词（hypernym）可以是“配饰accessory“；由accessory再联想到shopping和fashion类话题，熟悉《九分达人雅思口语真题2》教材和题卡的同学应该知道，这些话题中常见的物品包括：clothes，shoes，bags，hats，jewellery，watch等。虽然我们不能直接用这些话题的答案去作答，但是答题思路仍然是一样的，正所谓“万变不离其宗”。我们首先以《九分达人》教材上的题目为例，一起来剖析一下accessory类话题都是如何扩展的：

题目：What types of bags do you use (in your everyday life)? 

范例：Well, I like different kinds of bags. But in terms of which type I use most, I would say is my sport bag. It is a very big one so I can put all the stuff I need every day in this bag; apart from that, this bag is well-designed, so it can fit all my outfits.

作者首先说自己有好多种不同的包，之后再选择其中某一种展开具体说明；并且在最后一句中表示这个包和自己的衣服都很搭。这是一个非常典型的“总述+最典型例子+原因”的答题方式；那么类似的accessory类话题都能够通过这样的方法解决吗？这里我们再看一题：

题目：Do you like to wear hats ?

范例：I am a person who really loves to wear hats because I think hats are practical, attractive and fun to wear during hot, sunny summer months. You know, I always wear sunbonnets when I go to school every day; it could match my clothes and block UV radiation. Sometimes, I can also wear a cowboy hat which makes me look cool.

和上一道题不同的是，这道题采用“直接回答+原因+例子”的答题方式；但是从内容上看两个范例的共同点在于都提到了“搭配match”这个思路。此时我们可以去联想，即如何用perfume话题来讲“香水和个人品味/穿衣风格/生活场景等相互搭配”；由于两个范例题和原题都是属于accessory范畴的物品，很多思路和词汇都能够互相借鉴。再加上非常详细具体的“最典型的例子+原因”法，或者是清晰明了的“直接回答+原因”法，原本看似比较棘手没有接触过的“新”题，此时已经被我们巧妙转换为一道有sample可以参考并且现场思考起来毫不费力的话题。这里附上一个供大家参考的perfume范例回答：

【例题】：Do you use perfume ?

【范例】: Well, honestly speaking, I seldom use it because I actually care little about accessories including watch, hat, necklace and stuff like that. But on the other hand, I would say perfume is quite necessary on some special occasions, where I would probably consider using it in order to fit the occasion, such as attending wedding ceremony, interviewing with the new company, or just dating with my favored guy/girl.

总而言之，大家可以在平时练习的过程中渐渐培养自己快速抓取上下义词的能力；然后联想同一类话题下有哪些常见问题，最后参照其中的思路去进行话题扩展。