非谓语动词作状语的使用频率很高,其中分词作状语是英语学习的重点,也是一个复杂的难点。现在,当分词在句子中充当状语时,其逻辑主语必须与整个句子的主语一致,可以表示时间、原因、目的、条件、结果、方式、陪伴、妥协和评价,相当于状语从句。下面由新航道的沈阳雅思培训小编为您解答!
1.现在分词是时间状语
现在分词作为时间状语,根据分词动作和谓语动作的发生顺序,可分为以下三种情况:
(1)当分词表示的动作发生时,谓语动词表示的动作立即发生。此时,用作时间状语的分词采用一般式,多放在句首。这种情况所表达的含义可以用as代替 soon 由as或when引导的时间状语从句,该从句的动词多用于一般过去时。例如:
Hearing his mother’svoice,Robertturnedoffhiscomputeratonce.(=As soon asheheardhismother’s voice, Robert turned off his computer at once.) 或是(= When he heard his mother’s voice, Robert turned off his computer at once.)
(2)当前分词的一般性表示的动作与谓语动作表示的动作同时发生,可以在当前分词前添加when或while表示强调,然后可以转换为 when、while引导的时间状语从句,该从句的谓语动词用于时态。例如:
When multitasking, the brain is concentrating on one task and then switching to the other, in sequence.(= When / While it is multitasking, the brain is concentrating on one task and then switching to the other,in sequence.)
(3)谓语动词表示的动作发生在当前分词表示的动作之后,现在分词采用完成式,即 having done的方式。此时相当于afterr。 doing结构,也可以用after、when引导的时间状语从句来代替,当从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:
Having reviewed hundreds of applications from around the world, the judges settled on a design by Jurgen Mayer.(= After reviewing hundreds of applications from around the world, the judges settled on a design by Jurgen Mayer.) 或是(=After/ whentheyhadreviewedhundredsofapplicationsfromaroundtheworld,thejudgessettledonadesignbyJurgenMayer.)
二、现在分词作原因状语
现在分词作为原因状语时,一般放在句头,相当于because、since或as引导的原因状语从句。此时,还应注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作之间的关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,分词采用一般类型,从句谓语动词采用一般过去。例如:
Depending on the distance the information has to travel, the reaction time of the robotic arms can be delayed slightly, and computer compatibility can be an issue as well.(= Because it depends on the distance the information has to travel, the reaction time of the robotic arms can be delayed slightly, and computer compatibility can be an issue as well. )
当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词要用完成式,从句谓语动词要用完成。
Having lost her job, she had to look for another one.(= As she had lost her job, she had to look for another one. )
三、现在分词作条件状语
现在分词作为条件状语时,一般放句首,相当于if、unless、由once引导的条件状语从句,谓语动词常见于未来时态。例如:
Working hard, you will succeed.(= If you work hard, you will succeed.)
四、.现在分词作为结果状语
如今,当分词作为状语时,它表示一个自然或合乎逻辑的结果,通常放在句子的尽头。前面经常有thus、thereby等表达结果意义的词,相当于 so that 引导的结果状语从句。目前作为结果状语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语,也可以是前面的整个句子。在前一个前提下,分词短语相当于与and相连的并排谓语;在后一个前提下,分词短语相当于非限制性定语从句。例如:
The child fell, (thus) striking his head against the door. (= The child fell and struck his head against the door.)On the fire,it heated up, turned black, and finally exploded, causing a loud “boom” and frightening everyone nearby.(= On the fire,it heated up,turned black,and finally exploded, which caused a loud “boom” and frightening everyone nearby.)
五、现在分词作模式状语
现在,当单词被用作模式状语时,它可以表示行为模式或补充说明,可以放在句子的开头或结尾,相当于一个由and连接的平行句子。
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