以下是托福阅读技巧中经常出现的四种逻辑关系。掌握它们相当于掌握托福阅读解题技巧的重要组成部分。下面由新航道的沈阳托福培训小编为您解答！
1. 逻辑关系
因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性因果也是不可忽视的重要组成部分。
隐性因果：
A (因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for
如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs。
在这段话中，有lead to, 它表示了结果的含义；而so that 进一步说明了后面的结果，所以我们可以充分判断这句话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to
如“The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process。”
在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出逻辑关系，那么在解释句子问题时，可以优先考虑列表中的因果关系。
C 体现，体现(果-因)： reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show
This result demonstrates that…
D 考虑到： given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to
He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort。
E 依赖于： rely on, depend on, resort to,
He resorted to books when he had problems。
F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once。
G 分词短语，不定式做状语
Failing in the final exam, she cried。
2. 比较转折关系
A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand
在解释句子问题时，插入句子问题，一旦出现对比关系，学生就可以在掌握的基础上快速判断句子之间的关系。While, whereas 平行结构前后连接，on the other 在hand之前必须有onond one hand, 可用于掌握句间关系。
B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
转折点是托福阅读的经典考点之一，掌握这些转折点对考试很有帮助。
3. 比较关系
A 同级比较 as…as
B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than
C 变化：change,alter,vary,modify,revise,increase,decrease,enhance,diminish,develop,pr**ress,advance,improve,retreat,degenerate,continue,remain
D 差别：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to
E 超越：surpass,exceed,excel,over
F 最
1)最有意义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top
2) 自身水平较深：amazing,surprising, astonishing,prohibitivelyhigh
3)否认比较=最
No one is more outstanding than him。
从这句话中可以看出，否认加比较是最相关的。
4. 否认关系
显性否认：no, not, never, nor, none neither
隐形否认：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of
否定前缀：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un-
否定前缀是词汇问题中经常出现的考点。掌握否定前缀可以帮助考生掌握一些生词，依靠否定前缀排除选项。
双重否定;not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable
双重否定是英语中常用的一种表达方式，因为在普通的中文对话中很少使用，所以随意掌握双重否定尤为重要。
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