在托福阅读的十大经典问题中，推理问题的难度排名仅次于文章内容的总结问题，这通常是一个改变考生气味的问题。为了提高推理问题的准确性，主要前提是能够准确地找到这个问题的推理基础。下面由新航道的沈阳托福培训小编为您解答！

　　那么推理的基础从何而来呢？当然是原文。那么如何从茫茫词海中找到这个基础呢？答案是基于主题。做题的时候，题目就像茫茫大海中的灯塔，通常会引导我们朝着正确的方向前进。因此，

　　第一步，阅读问题。通过阅读问题，确定问题中的推理对象。

　　第二步是在回文中锁定推理对象的位置。此时，有两种情况。如果推理目标存在于原句中的一个分句或一部分，则推理基础在本句的剩余内容中；如果推理目标存在于原句的完整句中，则推理根据需要结合上下文。例如，以下问题：（TPO24）

　　By whatever means,a lake is constantly gaining water and losing water:its water does not just sit there,or,anyway,not for long.This raises the matter of a lake’s residence time.The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake,and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at which water leaves the lake.The residence time is an average;the time spent in the lake by a given molecule(if we could follow its fate)would depend on the route it took:it might flow through as part of the fastest,most direct current,or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.

　　It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake

　　A.depends entirely upon the average speed of a lake's currents B.can be measured by the volume of the lake alone C.can be greater or lesser than the residence time

　　D.is similar to the length of time all other molecules remain in that lake

　　首先，我们知道推理对象是the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake，然后通过定位，找到原文中包含推理目标的句子，即原文最后一句的后半句，“The residence time is an average;the time spent in the lake by a given molecule(if we could follow its fate)would depend on the route it took:it might flow through as part of the fastest,most direct current,or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long

　　time.“这句话分为前后两个分句，所以前一个分句也需要分析。前一个分句，即“The residence time is an average，停留时间是平均的”，这个信息点需要记住，然后阅读下半句。后半句，即“后半句，即“”the time spent in the lake by a given molecule would depend on the route it took，一分子水在湖中停留的时间取决于它所走的路线。这意味着水在湖中停留的时间是不固定的。如果路线是直线，停留时间短，路线是循环的，停留时间长。结合前一句话，我们可以得出结论，一分子水在湖中停留的时间可能比真实的时间长 time长，也可能比它短，所以答案是C。

　　通过解释上述例子，我相信考生可以掌握推理基础的方向，简而言之，包括推理目标的句子是完整的，然后结合上下文找到推理基础；如果包括推理目标的句子不完整，则推理基础包含在本句中。

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