托福阅读文章的一个主要特点是有许多长句和难句。这些句子不仅非常复杂,而且结构复杂多变,这对考生理解文章是一个很大的挑战。下面由新航道的沈阳托福小编为您解答!
解决这五个托福阅读难点,倒装句式
1. 虚拟条件句谓语包含were, had, 或should
假如虚拟条件句的谓语部分包含were, had, 或should,你可以把它们放在句首,省略连词if,变成倒装句。
真题例句1:In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.(TPO15-3 Glacier Formation)
分析:对这种倒装句的处理是:步骤,if恢复;第二部分,理解句子。因此,if恢复后,句子变成了:“In contrast, if another ice age should occur, sea level would drop drastically.“if引导的从句”should occur“应用程序表明,这句话是对未来的虚拟。这意味着:相比之下,如果冰川世纪再次出现,海平面将大大下降
真题例句2:Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery 11题)
分析:这句话是把条件从句放在句子后面,if复原后变成:“Their significance may have remained clear if the Chinese had not come under foreign influence.”由“had not come“应用程序表明,这句话是对过去的虚拟,这意味着如果中国不受外国影响,它们的重要性可能会保持清晰。”
2. 否认意义方法词或短语位于句首
具有否认意义或否定形式的词或短语,如never,在句首使用倒装。
常见词或短语有:not, never, rarely, little, hardly, seldom, on no account, by no means, neither, nor 因此,对于倒装句“…not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.“一步一步地把句子变成正常的词序,即恢复not的位置,第二步是理解句子。然后句子变成了“…they did not kill their first elk until the second of December。”“not…until“说“直到…才”,所以这句话的意思是:他们直到第二年12月才杀死了一批麋鹿。
3. “only “状语”位于句首
当“only “状语”位于句头时表,强调使用倒装。
真题例句:Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites..(TPO5-1 Minerals and Plants)
分析:这句话是only recently(时间状语)位于句头引起的倒装,因此句子成为正常的词序为:“Investigatorshaveonly recentlyconsideredusingtheseplantstocleanupsoilandwastesites意思是:科研人员最近才考虑用这些植物清理土壤和垃圾站。
4. “so/such…that结构中的so或such位于句首
为加强语气“加强语气”“加强语气”so/such…that结构中的so或such位于句首时使用倒装。
“真题例句:”So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery)
分析:句子为“分析:”so…that结构中的so位于句头引起的倒装,因此句子成为正常的词序为:“These pieces were so admired that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.这意味着:这些艺术品受到高度赞扬,因此他们鼓励陶器模仿瓷器,并鼓励人们研究生产方法。
5. 主语较长,需要平衡或强调句句句
主语较长,为了使句子平衡或强调,倒装表语或状语。
这种倒装句一般是介词短语、修饰词(句)和分词(句)位于句首。
如:By his sides is his wife who is very elegant and beautiful.(旁边是他美丽优雅的妻子)
Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.(碧云天,黄叶地)
Sitting in the class are students who come from all across the China.(坐在教室里的学生来自中国各地)
真题例句:Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.(OG The Origins of Cetaceans)
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