什么是熟词生义？

同学们在做雅思阅读的时候，经常会出现一个困惑，为什么这个句子的每个词我都认识，但是我还是读不懂。造成这个悲剧的原因有几个，比如语法，长难句的分析的是不是不清楚；又比如词汇，某一个词在这句里的意思你真的知道吗？其实，大多数情况下，我们在背单词，记意思的时候，只会记一个单词最常见的意思，不会注重这个单词的全面意思。因为这样比较容易，也记得比较快，但其实越到后面，你会发现越困难。比如，lead, 不仅有导致的意思，还有铅意思。所以，在最开始提到的，这个单词的意思你真的知道吗？答案应该就是：不认识，因为对这些词汇的掌握不全面。在这里我们把这类词我们统称为熟词生义。

以下主要就雅思阅读剑桥真题部分的一些存在熟词生义的题目进行解析，分享给大家一些雅思阅读技巧。

熟词生义题目解析

1.C12T5P1:

题干：17th century:George Ravenscroft develop a process using_______ to avoid…

原文：A major milestone in the history of glass occurred with the invention of lead crystal glass by the English glass manufacturer George Ravenscroft(1632-1683). He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that sometimes occurred in blown glass by introducing lead to the raw materials used in the process.

我们都知道lead动词词性有引导的意思，但我们可以看出在这句话中lead能够选取它动词的意思。需要知道它名词的意思“铅”才能更好的理解这句话，并且正确解答出后面的填空题。

因此根据题干的时间和人名和分析出答案是个名词可以定位到原文，原文的意思是：玻璃发展史上一个重要的里程碑是英国玻璃制造商George Ravenscroft(1632~1683)发明了铅水晶玻璃。为了防止吹玻璃过程中有时候会出现的雾化现象，他尝试着在吹制的过程中使用的原材料里加入了铅。因此这道题的答案一目了然，就是lead。

2.C5T2P1:

题干：The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether

A. a 450-volt shock was dangerous.

B. punishment helps learning.

C. the pupils were honest.

D. they were suited to teaching.

原文：Specifically， Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.

根据顺序原则可以定位到文章A段,但是需要注意题干和原文中都出现的teacher-subjects 该如何去翻译，翻译成我们熟知的“科目”“主语”“主题”都理解的不够准确。其实在雅思阅读学术实验类的文章中，subject是个高频词汇，翻译为“实验对象”的含义来使用， 有时会同义替换为volunteer或participant。

知道这个单词的意思后我们再来看这道题，通过and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.我们可以分析出have a positive effect对应helps进行了同义替换，因此这道题选B.

3.C8T1P3:

题干： The results were then subjected to a_______ .

原文：In 1987， results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-analysis'， a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies.

通过顺序原则以及题干冠词a我们可以知道此空填名词单数，我们可以找到了定位句。但是定位句中存在冠词a的三处，到底三处后的单词填哪个呢？通过分析题目和文章的主干结构的一致性：A be subjected to B和A be studied By B in C，原文的’meta-analysis’成为我们的选填对象。那subject to到底什么意思呢，通过文章，我们可以知道大概是被研究的意思，其实be subjected by的准确意思为“受…支配”。

熟词生义词汇补充

①state n. adj. 国家的，国立的 n.状态—C8T4P1/C7T4P1

C8T4P1:

题干：Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools.

C7T4P1:

原文：There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says. 

②coin v. 创造，铸造—C7T1P1/C11T4P1

C7T1P1:

原文：The American zoologist Donald Griffin， who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments. 

C11T4P1:

原文：The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and coined the phrase ’nature and nurture’). 

③complaint n.疾病—C6T2P2

C6T2P2:

原文：Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems—the major medical complaints in this age group—are troubling a smaller proportion every year.

④interest n.利益—C12T8P3

C12T8P3:

原文：Many would argue that this is in the interest of transparency and good governance as shareholders use their muscle in the area of pay to pressure boards to remove underperforming chief executives.

⑤press n.新闻—C5T1P3/C5T4P2

C5T1P3:

原文：In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: ‘Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever.’

C5T4P2:

原文：He believes the reason is simple: ‘No-one wants bad press.’

以上介绍的一些雅思阅读中出现的熟词生义，很多都是同学们都知道的词汇，认为都是熟知的词汇，但是放到雅思阅读里，还是迷惑了许多同学，这就是雅思阅读技巧不足的问题。

英语中有相当数量的多义词，平均每个词都有两到三个意思，因此在学习过程当中，一定要注意一个单词的不同词性和其它含义，通过不同的语境和上下文去理解和记忆，从而逐渐消除由于熟词生义而造成的理解障碍，提高解题效和正确率。

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